The twelve-day war between Iran and Israel has highlighted major transformations in the security landscape of the Middle East and underscored the need to reassess the position of key states within the region’s security structure. Afghanistan, given its sensitive geopolitical location, has experienced a reconfiguration of its role within the regional security network following this crisis. The significance of this study lies in providing a systematic analysis of Afghanistan’s position and in proposing analytical insights for reducing threats and enhancing regional security stability. The main objective of this research is to examine Afghanistan’s position within the Middle Eastern security structure. Drawing on Barry Buzan’s Regional Security Complex Theory and employing a descriptive–analytical methodology, the study seeks to answer the following question: how has Afghanistan’s position evolved after the twelve-day war, and to what extent can it be considered part of the Middle East regional security complex? The provisional hypothesis argues that security linkages arising from shared threats and post-war geopolitical transformations, along with political and religious convergence between Afghanistan and certain Middle Eastern actors, have strengthened Afghanistan’s security interdependence with the region. Data were collected from library-based and online sources. The findings indicate that common threats—such as terrorism, extremism, drug trafficking, and the geopolitical consequences of the twelve-day war—have fostered a form of security interconnection between Afghanistan and the Middle East. The study concludes that understanding Afghanistan’s position within the Middle Eastern security network provides an important analytical tool for anticipating security trends and managing regional threats.